Raymond Chandler
Raymond Thornton Chandler was a British-American novelist and screenwriter. In 1932, at 44, Chandler decided to become a detective fiction writer after losing his job as an oil company executive during the Great Depression. His first short story, 'Blackmailers Don't Shoot', was published in 1933 in Black Mask, a popular pulp magazine. His first novel, The Big Sleep, was published in 1939. In addition to his short stories, Chandler published seven novels during his lifetime (an eighth, in progress at the time of his death, was completed by Robert B. Parker). All but Playback have been made into motion pictures, some several times. In the year before he died, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America. He died on 26 March 1959, in La Jolla, California.
Chandler had an immense stylistic influence on American popular literature. He is considered by many to be a founder, along with Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and other Black Mask writers, of the hard-boiled school of detective fiction. His protagonist, Philip Marlowe, along with Hammett's Sam Spade, is considered by many to be synonymous with "private detective", both having been played on screen by Humphrey Bogart, the quintessential hard boiled private eye.